Drug Production (7 CDSA) Laws in Canada

By Last Updated: June 18, 2024

Drug Production 7 CDSA Charges in CanadaWhat is the Production of a Controlled Substance?

Production of a Controlled Substance is an offence under section 7 of the controlled drugs and substances act.

Examples

An example of the offence of Production of a Controlled Substance may include:

  • A person operates a clandestine lab out of the garage of a residence, where they mix various chemicals and ingredients in order to produce MDMA/ecstasy

Defences

A strong defence to a charge of production of a controlled substance will vary depending on the circumstances of what occurred. However, some defences may be:

  • The accused did not know the criminal nature of the substance.
  • The accused did not intend to mislead, and the concealment was merely the result of a lack of information and was not intentional. This is closely related to an honest mistake, however, the available information may also play a factor.
  • The identity of the accused, or the date, time, or location in which the offence occurred was not properly established by the police.
  • There is a lack of material information which supports the allegation that the accused produced a controlled substance. This may include a lack of documented evidence, physical evidence, or witness testimony.
  • The Charter: if evidence was obtained through an unreasonable search or seizure, such evidence can be excluded. Again, it is advisable to discuss the evidence seized and the totality of the circumstances with a lawyer.

Punishment

The maximum penalty for a conviction under Section 7 of the CDSA is a term of imprisonment for life. However, this depends on the schedule of the controlled substance that is alleged to have been produced. Some schedules are straight indictable, others are a hybrid offence.

Whether you intend to plead guilty to a charge under section 7 of the CDSA is important to consult a lawyer prior. There may be factors which apply to your punishment/sentencing which are relevant and important for consideration, which may result in a lesser punishment.

Have you been charged with drug production?

Our experienced team of criminal defence lawyers is standing by to help you fight the charge. Contact us today for a free, no-obligation consultation to discuss the specifics of your case and craft a formidable defence.

Call Now 1-866-939-5940

Overview of the Offence 

Production of a controlled substance is an offence under section 7 of the controlled drugs and substances act (CDSA).

7 (1) Except as authorized under the regulations, no person shall produce a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V.

(2) Every person who contravenes subsection (1)

(a) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule I or II, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life;

(c) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule III or V,

(i) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or

(ii) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen months; and

(d) where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule IV,

(i) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or

(ii) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.

7.1 (1) No person shall possess, produce, sell, import or transport anything intending that it will be used

(a) to produce a controlled substance, unless the production of the controlled substance is lawfully authorized; or

(b) to traffic in a controlled substance.

The section defines the offence as the possession, production, or importation of chemicals, substances or ingredients, and that those substances, by manufacturing, synthesising, or using any means of altering the chemical or physical properties of the substance, were used to produce a scheduled substance that is controlled under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

In order for a person to be convicted of production of a controlled substance in criminal court, the crown is required to prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt. The crown must also prove several elements of the offence. The presumption of innocence applies in that the accused is presumed innocent until convicted of the offence.

The Guilty Act (Actus Reus)

The actus reus for the offence of production of a controlled substances is established by proof, beyond a reasonable doubt, of the following:

  • The accused possess the materials and/or chemicals which are the required ingredients to produce the controlled substance

And;

  • Produced that substance, by manufacturing, synthesizing, or using any means of altering the chemical or physical properties of the substance

The Guilty Mind (Mens Rea)

The mens rea for production of a controlled substance is established by proof, beyond a reasonable doubt, of the following:

  • The accused knowingly and intentionally produced the substance, and;
  • Knew the production would result in the formation of the controlled substance

Defences

How to beat a charge of production of a controlled substance.

Each circumstance is different, and the best defence available is contextual based on the details. However, the following are some common defences that may be used against a charge of production of a controlled substance:

Proving the identity of the accused

There are several aspects to this defence, however, one may rely on whether there was evidence seized by the police, which directly implicates the accused. The accused’s identity, as well as the date, time, and location of the offence, are necessary for the crown to prove beyond a reasonable doubt. If a clandestine lab is located where a controlled substance is being produced, the crown must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused had ownership, control, or access to the laboratory.

Proving possession of the controlled substance produced

There are several aspects to this defence. The crown is required to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the had possession of the controlled substance produced. This requires proving that the person had knowledge of the controlled substance, consented to possession, and controlled it (knowledge, consent, and control).

Lack of Actus Reus

 The crown is required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused’s actions contributed to the manufacturing and production of the controlled substance. Merely being caught in possession of the controlled substance is likely not sufficient for a conviction. Receipts proving that the accused purchased items which were seized and used as ingredients for production, as well as physical access to the laboratory, and surveillance photos taken by police or other means of confirming the accused had attended the laboratory where the controlled substance was produced are all factors of evidence.

Ensuring the evidence was obtained lawfully / Charter breaches

It is advisable to consult a lawyer in such circumstances, however, there may be circumstances where evidence was obtained from the accused person without their consent, and where they held a reasonable expectation of privacy. If this is the case, it is important to seek consultation from a lawyer to ensure that the accused’s rights under section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms were not violated. If they were, there have been circumstances where the courts have deemed the evidence seized in this manner inadmissible.

Evidence, and how it was seized, although always important to examine diligently, is especially so in circumstances where a person is charged under the controlled substances act. Drug-related offences require the crown to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, possession of the controlled substance. In order to seize the controlled substance, this requires police enforcement to trigger section 8 of the Charter. If the police did not obtain a search warrant, or judicial authorization prior to seizing evidence, or the warrant is deemed unsatisfactory by a judge, this may result in a breach of section 8 of the charter. In addition, if information has been obtained from a laptop or cellular device that has been seized as evidence, it is important to determine the accused’s expectation of privacy in this context, and whether the police obtained warrants to search the devices, or were required to. There are remedies available under section 24 of the charter, which may include the exclusion of evidence or the charges to be stayed or dropped altogether

Punishments

The maximum penalty for a conviction under Section 7 of the CDSA is a term of imprisonment of up to 14 years.

Whether you intend to plead guilty to a charge under section 7 of the CDSA, it is important to consult a lawyer prior. There may be factors which apply to your punishment/sentencing which are relevant and important for consideration, which may result in a lesser punishment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the production of a controlled substance an indictable offence?

Yes, under section 7 of the controlled drugs and substances act, it is an indictable offence for some drug schedules and a hybrid/dual offence for others.

Could I go to jail if convicted of production of a controlled substance?

Yes, the maximum penalty if convicted is life imprisonment for some schedules, and up to 14 years for others if deemed a hybrid offence. If you have been charged under section 7 of the CDSA, it is highly advisable that you seek consultation with a lawyer.

What do I do if the police came to my door and are asking me about an incident involving production of a controlled substance?

A consultation with a lawyer is strongly advised prior to answering any questions from the police. Clandestine labs in residential neighbourhoods may often be reported anonymously through channels such as Crimestoppers. However, if the police attend your residence and begin asking you questions, you are not afforded such protection of anonymity, and you are not required to speak to them or answer any questions. At Strategic Criminal DefenCe, a free consultation is offered through our contact information. Production of a controlled substance is viewed by the courts as a very serious offence, as stated above, it is a straight indictable offence.

Published Decisions

R v. Slemko and Stewart, 2018 BCPC 380 

In this decision, the accused’s were found guilty of production of the controlled substance MDMA (commonly referred to as ecstasy), as well as associated charges of drug trafficking. This resulted in the police executing a warrant to search a private residence where the garage was used as a laboratory for producing the controlled substance. The police located and seized gallons of materials used for products to produce MDMA, receipts for the items used for ingredients, and confirmed the accused’s physical access to the laboratory.

You can read the full decision here.

R v Feser, 2015 ABQB 786 

The accused was convicted of several charges under the CDSA, including the production of MDMA/ ecstasy, the production of methamphetamine, as well as attempting to produce fentanyl. The police executed search warrants at the accused’s residence, where a clandestine lab was located in the garage and glassware, equipment, ingredients, and evidence which supported drug trafficking were subsequently seized by the police. The investigation began after reports of MDMA/ Ecstasy being trafficked for online, in conjunction with UPS packages for the accused stopped by Canadian Border Services which contained precursors/ingredients for methamphetamine.

You can read the full decision here.

R v. Zhang, 2014 ONSC 3132

The accused was convicted of production of MDMA/ Ecstasy, after a large-scale, ecstasy manufacturing operation was located by police at multiple locations, including a private residence and commercial location, and ingredients, notebooks containing drawings where he designed unique logos for different pills. The commercial location was where the clandestine laboratory was located, and police had surveillance of the accused at each location as evidence.

You can read the full decision here.

About The Author

Michael Oykhman

Managing Partner

Michael Oykhman is a senior lawyer and founder of Strategic Criminal Defence, a full-service criminal law firm with central law offices across Western Canada and Ontario.

My professional experience consists of countless court appearances and thousands of successful defences and satisfied clients. Over the last 10 years, I have worked to build a law office where all the lawyers share our collective experience, resources, and passion to help people. Our team approach to legal representation is client–rather than only law–centred. We look for opportunities to add value to our clients through strategic thinking and creative solutions.

Ask A Question

We endeavor to respond to questions within 24 hours. If your matter is urgent, please call our office or submit a request for a free consultation.

Client Reviews

Michael Oykhman is a very professional lawyer and the first time I spoke to him he asked about my situation and he gave me some very helpful advice and assistance and also told me his odds of winning this case. During the days I was in contact with micheal I could feel the level of professionalism of him and his team, he is able to respond back to you with any questions you have within 24 hours. In the end he was as successful in helping me win my case as he had initially promised me.If you are still struggling to find a lawyer, I highly recommend Michael Oykhman.

R.W.

Please give yourself a favour and contact Mr. Michael Oykhman if you need any legal advice or if you are in a terrible situation. Even-tough, the odds are not in your favour, still they will go extra miles to help you out in bad situation and get you favourable outcome. Moreover, They will work on your file even after the business hours. I don’t have words to say thanks to Mr. Michael oykhman and Kiran Cheema who had worked on my file and get me out of trouble. I’m very grateful for your assistance and exceptional service. HIGHLY RECOMMENDED.

Y.

I am grateful that Ms. Moira McAvoy was my lawyer, and I remain thankful to her for everything. She made a successful resolution to my case possible. Ms. Moira McAvoy is a professional, trustworthy lawyer, and a compassionate person. She is an excellent listener and knowledgeable of the law. From the start, she was an excellent guide. I did not know anything about the legal system and court, and she outlined everything clearly in advance, so I could understand things. She never rushed me through anything. She spoke clearly, explained everything, considered what I said, and provided options and advice. She kept me up to date on new information, requirements, and deadlines. She was always positive and this helped so much.

C.S.

Ryan Patmore and his team are simply the best. I was bullied by CPS in 2020 and it landed me with three separate charges, assault, refusal to blow and DUI, which all went down as I was parked at a friends. After some research and a conversation with Michael, he directed me towards Ryan and at the time I didn’t know that would be a game changer in my favour! He is honest, transparent, helpful and a brilliant mind. He successfully appealed my license suspension with ATSB and then proceeded to get the crown to dismiss all my charges before trial. I never had to step foot inside a courtroom. If you are in need of a criminal defence lawyer, don’t think twice, get in touch with this firm and ask for Ryan Patmore! The guy is an absolute saviour.

A.P.

Joseph Beller, from the very beginning when I first contacted and then retained Joseph as my representative I felt I was in good hands. When I emailed him with a question. I got a prompt response. We communicated often on the phone as needed. Joseph kept me informed as to the process. He made sure I knew all the potential results so I knew and could plan for the different outcomes. I know this his his job. But appreciate his professionalism and also his ability to not make me feel any extra stress. Well done.

N.B.
READ OUR REVIEWS
GET A FREE CONSULTATION